Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses on End of Life Issues

ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACING NURSES ON END-OF-LIFE ISSUES BASED ON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS HELD IN ELDORET, KENYA Author: Kamau S. Macharia: BScN (Moi), MSc (studying) Nursing Leadership Health Care Systems Management (University of Colorado, Denver), Higher Dip. Critical Care Nursing (Nbi). Graduate Assistant, School of Nursing Biomedical Sciences, Kabianga University College (A Constituent College of Moi University), . P 0 Box 2030 20200 Kericho, Kenya , Tel +254 722224577, Email: symomash@gmail.com ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACING NURSES ON END-OF-LIFE ISSUES BASED ON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS HELD IN ELDORET, KENYA†¦show more content†¦This dilemma often occurs in the Critical Care Unit. Profound ethical questions confront the CCU personnel as they watch and wait helplessly. Bogner, 2004 also adds that apart from the relatives the critical care primary nurse bears the greatest psychological trauma. Herbert (1981) in a radio interview described that its depressing and stressful to see, manage or care for the brain dead patient. He regretted that the society has become less prepared for death and has come to rely on high tech medicine to work miracles†¦Advanced Cardiac Life Support(ACLS) has become one of the techno age’s primary end –of –life rituals, but it falls short of filing the gap left by the loss of life affirming community and family bonding ceremonies(Bogner,2004). It was also observed elsewhere by (Borgatti, 1998) that family experience of death of a loved one ought to be more binding for their family than disintegrating. This is a ‘slippery slope’ argument of all times, remarked an intensivist in a recent discussion on Euthanasia. Nonetheless this forum drawn from a diverse audience came together to discuss it in Eldoret, Kenya at the close of The 26th General Assembly Federation Of African Medical Students(FAMSA). The following questions formed the basis of the conference debate on end-of-life issues; (Lukoye, 2011). 1. Would it be wrong to shorten life intentionally or to prolong it unnecessarily when it is in the best interest of theShow MoreRelatedLegal an Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Ethical and Legal issues in Nursing paper Student Name: Aleyamma John, RN Course Name/Number: NUR/391 Due Date: Mar 21, 2011 Instructor Name: Dolores Martinez Nurses are facing many legal or ethical dilemmas in their career. Nurses should combine knowledge of ethical and legal aspects of health care and professional values into nursing practice. It is very essential to know what kind of dilemmas nurses may face during their profession and how they have been dealt with in theRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Artificial Nutrition And Hydration Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper the writer will describe the ethical dilemma of artificial nutrition and hydration in terminally ill patient. Artificial nutrition is very important in terminal ill patients in their end stage of life. It is very helpful to provide nutrients and fluids to the patient who is unable to take it by himself. In palliative units, AHN help to enhance the comfort and quality of care of patient. 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I will give an example of ethical issues encountered in a jail setting and an ethical dilemma that I experienced as a result of these ethical issues. I will analyze the moral, ethical, and legal implications that I used in this ethical dilemma. Furthermore, I will explain my leadership role as a patient advocate during this particular moral issue. Lastly, I willRead MoreEthical Dilemmas : Ethical Dilemma824 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the ethical dilemmas PMHNPs sometimes find themselves in and name the opposing ethical principles Ethics can be described as the act of doing good or doing what is considered right based on the individual s understanding. Ethical dilemma’s are the conflicts that evolve from the understanding of different course of action or expectations. PMHNPs face ethical dilemmas just like other nurse practitioner specialties. 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One of the most powerful ways to promote ethics in healthcare is to role model ethical performance in the leadership levels. A leader s awareness of the ethical constructs of ethics, moral, and legal standards is necessary and can influence the ethical framework their staff uses to process ethical dilemmas (Cianci, Hannah, Roberts, Tsakunis, 2013).Read MoreBlood Transfusion Case Study1539 Words   |  7 Pagescare system faces many complex and controversial issues that raise unique dilemma and most of the time this dilemma is very difficult to resolve. One of this challenging dilemma is the refusal of blood transfusion by the patient or patient’s relatives. Blood transfusion or not is a crucial issue which creates a moral and legal dilemma for the he alth system; sometimes dealing with such situation takes extra time and energy. Nevertheless, doctors and nurses are obliged to provide the specific preferencesRead MoreNurse Jackie And Assisted Suicide1364 Words   |  6 PagesNurse Jackie and Assisted Suicide Ethical dilemmas exist everywhere around us in everyday situations. Something as simple as picking up a piece of trash off the floor to whether you should use a previously written paper from a separate class for a current assignment in this class. It exists in reality and even on television shows. How, then, do people resolve these ethical dilemmas and how do they defend their decisions? Nurse Jackie is a television series impregnated with ethical dilemmas, especiallyRead MoreInternational Council Of Nurses Development Programme And The Future Orientated E Health Programme Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Tele-nursing is the practice that employs the use of technological advancements in conducting nursing practice and even providing nursing care services to the patients. The tele-nurses are expected to provide proper assessment of the nursing care before planning to evaluate it with the aid of technological devices such as telephones and computers. The past century has seen a period of phenomenal technological advancement, the integration of technology with our health care delivery system

The Beck Anxiety Inventory Developed By Aaron T. Beck

General Information The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) [1993] is an anxiety inventory developed by Aaron T. Beck, an American psychologist noted for his research in psychotherapy, psychopathology, suicide, and psychometrics ().The BAI is published in 1990 and 1993 by The Psychological Corporation. The Psychological Corporation is a privately held company located in San Antonio, Texas. The address for The Psychological Corporation is 19500 Bulverde Road San Antonio, TX 78259. Psych Corp’s phone number is (210) 299-1061. While the BAI is typically used to discriminate anxiety from depression among the adult population, it has also been proven to be valid among the adolescent population. As a result, there is a separate anxiety inventory for children, known as the Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth (BAI-Y). The BAI-Y contains an anxiety inventory of 20 questions specifically designed for children and adolescents ages seven to eighteen years of age. Purposes and Uses The BAI is a 21 item self-report inventory used to assess anxiety levels among adults. The purpose of this inventory is discriminate anxiety from depression in individuals. The BAI can be used to assess and establish a baseline anxiety level, as a diagnostic aid, to detect the effectiveness of treatment as it progresses, and as a post-treatment outcome measure. This test is recommended for use in assessing anxiety in clinical and research settings. No further purposes for the BAI were reported by the author orShow MoreRelatedAaron Beck, An American Psychiatrist1188 Words   |  5 PagesAaron Beck is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania (GoodTheraoy.org). Beck has had an interest in the changes of human nature goes as far back as he can remember. 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Beck, CBT, cognitive behaviouralRead MoreThe Basics of Cognitive Theory in Relation to the Development of Abnormal Behavior1773 Words   |  8 PagesNicole Maloney 18th October 2011 Approved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Explain the basics of cognitive theory in relation to the development of abnormal behavior. Use Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis as theorists for reference. If you believe the saying Perception is everything, then you may well be a cognitivist.   According to the cognitive perspective, people engage in abnormal behavior because of particular thoughts and behaviors that are often basedRead MoreAnalysis Of Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition ( Bdi II )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesconsiderations in evaluating tests that have been discussed in your text and in class. 1. Title of test: Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) 2. Author(s): Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, Gregory K. Brown 3. Publisher: The psychological corporation 4. Date of publication: 1996 5. 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Testing aids in serving professionals in figuring out sickness or deficiency andRead MoreAssessment Tools : Assessment Tool Analysis1209 Words   |  5 Pagescaring integrates the mind-body-spirit dimensions because Watson’s theory of human caring focuses on establishing a caring relationship with patients, (Chesnay Anderson, page 89, 2012). In this paper, I choose three assessment tools: Becks depression inventory, social supp ort questionnaire and perceived Stress scale. These three tools are the assessments that I have chosen to look deeper at the depressed vulnerable population and I will also demonstrate how these tools are used by nurses to assessRead MoreEssay on Evaluating the Beck Anxiety Inventory2120 Words   |  9 PagesEvaluating the Beck Anxiety Inventory The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a 21-item scale that measures the severity of self-reported anxiety in adults and adolescents. The inventory was created by Aaron T. Beck and his colleague, Robert A. Steer, at the Center for Cognitive Therapy, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. The most recent edition was published in 1993 by The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Company in San Antonio, TX. The first edition wasRead MoreCognitive Therapy: Theory of Psychopathology and Theory of Personality4428 Words   |  18 Pages Aaron T. Beck Aaron T. Beck, who is known as Tim to his friends, was born in 1921, in Rhode Island, USA. He is the youngest of four siblings. In the 1940’s In his 20s, he completed his undergraduate degree at Brown University, then he received a medical degree from Yale University, and completed residencies in pathology and psychiatry. During his first residency, Beck already won awards for scholarship and oratory at Brown University. In the 1950’s DuringRead MoreThe Beck Depression Inventory II1763 Words   |  8 Pages â€Æ' The Beck Depression Inventory-II was developed by Aaron T. Beck, Gregory K. Brown, and Robert A. Steer. The inventory was published by The Psychological Corporation in San Antonio, Texas in 1996. The BDI-II is available on the Q-global which offers 24 hours 7 days a week web-based access (pearsonclinical.com). The Q-global is portable, accessible on mobile devices such as a laptop or tablet (pearsonclinical.com). According to Pearson Clinical, the cost of the BDI-II Q-globalRead MoreThe Theoretical Orientation Of Cognitive Therapy Essay2272 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Cognitive therapy was established in the 1960’s. It is one of the therapeutic approaches included in a group of cognitive behavioral therapies. It was established by Aaron Beck who actually changed the name from cognitive therapy to cognitive behavior therapy not too long ago. The therapy reveals distorted or harmful beliefs by applying techniques to analyze and remodel maladaptive thinking and learning or learning to centralize attention from obsessive thinking, while also integrating numerous

Civil Peace Free Essays

Civil Peace Chinua Achebe The short story â€Å"Civil Peace† by Chinua Achebe is about a man named Jonathan Iwegbu, his wife Maria and his three surviving children. Chinua Achebe’s emphasis in his short story is how Jonathan and his family are trying to get on with their lives after the Civil War in Nigeria. Moreover, there is a phrase that Jonathan says several times through his story, â€Å"nothing puzzles God†. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now What does Jonathan means when he says this?The story starts off with Jonathan realizing how lucky he is to have survived the war along with his wife and three of his four children, one of his sons did not survive. He also mentions that his old bicycle which he had buried in the ground a year earlier just needed a little greasing and was able to be used again. This is also where Jonathan first uses the phrase â€Å"Nothing puzzles God†, (page 29). I think that in this part of the story Jonathan means that although his bicycle had been buried in the ground for a year all that it needed to work again was a little oil.Most people may have thought that the bicycle would have been no good or puzzled by the fact that it worked, but God knew that it would be okay, so Jonathan places his faith in God, â€Å"Nothing puzzles God†. Jonathan immediately put his bicycle to use as a taxi to earn money. He then mentions that he makes the journey to Enugu and when he arrives he finds another miracle. His little house is still standing, â€Å"he discovers that miraculously his own modest home is intact†, Dameron Charles, â€Å"Chinua Achebe†, A Reader’s Companion to the Short Story in English, paragraph 15.He again uses the phrase â€Å"nothing puzzles God†. Jonathan talks about the fact that just two houses away a huge concrete structure is no longer there, but his tiny little house has survived. As this point, I think Jonathan means that despite the war and hardship a small house withstood the effects of the war and Jonathan and his family had a place to return to. Jonathan after fixing his home opens a palm-wine bar for soldiers and people who had a lot of money. He opens this bar rather than going back to work as a miner. Jonathan talks of receiving twenty pounds from the treasury which he eceived for turning in rebel money and how he felt like it was Christmas because he had so much money. He attracts the attention of thieves who show up at his home that night to steal the money. Jonathan explains how he is usually a heavy sleeper but on this night he hears ever noise. He finally falls asleep and is awakened by knocking at the door. Jonathan and his wife scream for the police and for their neighbors but no one comes to help them. The thieves want one hundred pounds, but Jonathan tells them that he only has the twenty pounds that he had received from the treasury.Jonathan agrees to hand over the twenty pounds and the thieves leave. When Jonathan tells people of the robbery the next morning, he again uses the phrase â€Å"Nothing puzzles God†, (page 34). I believe that Jonathan means that with everything that has happened, the war, his son’s death, his bicycle being recovered, his house still standing, and finally the robbery that God has a plan for everything and although we may not understand what that plan is God does and therefore nothing puzzles God.He is a humble man, â€Å"He is a modern, and modest, hero, a rural counterpoint to the doomed Gladys†. Dameron Charles, â€Å"Chinua Achebe†, A Reader’s Companion to the Short Story in English, paragraph 15. Chinua Achebe is aware of Jonathan’s feelings and he knows about his suffering and of his family members. However, the writer mentioned that Jonathan has a strong faith of God. Moreover, Jonathan always keeps his optimistic view of life and that is very important for all readers. How to cite Civil Peace, Papers

Marketing Strategies Of The Nestle Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategies Of The Nestle Company. Answer: Introduction: Nestle is the company that operates in food and drink industry. It is one of the leading companies in the industry that is headquartered at Vevey, Switzerland. In the year 2014, the company has been considered on rank no. 72 by the fortune global 500. It is the company that was formed in 1905 by the merger of two companies. It is the report that discusses about the marketing strategies of the company in different contexts. Marketing strategies in context of: Differentiation: Differentiation is the strategy that deals with targeting many customer segments. As far as Nestle is considered, it is the company that serves the market with many products and thus use differentiated strategy to target the market. For example, the products like maggi not only target the children but the new hot heads variation of Maggi target the adults as well to try the new and spicy taste of Maggi (Dadzie, Amponsah, Dadzie and Winston, 2017). There are lot of products that are being marketed by the company targeting many customer segments at a time. Commoditisation: It is the condition where homogenous products and services are being served by many companies and the only criteria that has been considered by the company is the price of the product. As far as Nestle is considered, nestle uses marketing strategies in such a way that it positioned itself as very unique. Nestle has shown its potential in standing out and thinking out of the box to fight such commoditisation (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2015). The company has quietly built the nutritional science division. This is not the unrelated diversification of the business. The time when all the other food companies are facing commoditisation and targeting the market by enhancing the taste of their products, Nestle made the shit of the corporate strategy from the commoditised sector that is food to the high profit margin sector that is health. Competitive advantage: As the marketing competitive advantage of the company is considered, it has been analysed that the major competitive advantage of the company is its brand image and availability in the market (Appiah-Adu, 2016). The company has marketed all its products on almost all sorts of media.in addition to it the company is international in nature and thus availability of the products is very high. Brand image of the company and the range of products are considered as the competitive advantage of the company as it is one of the leading companies in terms of products range and positioning. Segmentation: Segmentation can be defined as the strategy that helps the company to divide the market in different segments or division according to the nature of the customers. Nestle is the company that segments/ its customers by using the following basis: Geographic: it is the strategy that helps the company to divide the market into segments according to the place they live in. the company caters the old market with different products and the hot weather places with different products. Demographic: nestle also segment its market with the difference in generations such as the products like cerelac, nido etc. are for children and kids, maggi and other products are for children etc (Moura, Branco and Camoesas, 2015). Occupation: it is also the criteria that have been used by nestle to divide its market into segments for example; the company serves the market with Nescafe classic products for the people who feel busy in their work. Psychographic: it is the type of segmentation that is based on the choice and lifestyle of the people. For example, KIT KAT is served to the people who like to eat sweet products and beliefs in eating tasty things while Nescafe 3 in 1 is for the people who do mot have time to eat. 4 ps of marketing: Product: Nestle is one of the leading company in the worlds in terms of serving the customers with range of brands. The company serves the market with around 80 brands and lot more products. The products categories mainly fall under the divides of food, ready to eat food, dairy products, chocolates and beverages. Pricing: as far as the pricing strategy of the company is covered, it has been analysed that the company use competitive pricing strategy this is baecuse he prices of the products are set as er the quality of the product and the price of the competitive products in the industry. Promotion: Advertising is the major weapon that the company use always to compete with the other brands, as the company is serving range of products to the customers; the company also focuses on marketing those products at the same time so that they can have better reach (Peck, Christopher, Clark and Payne, 2013). Advertising through all the sources and media is the strategy of the company to promote the products to a larger area. Place: as far as the place is concerned, it has been analysed that the company beliefs in selling the products to the market by retailers and distributors (Scrinis, 2016). There are various distributors that buy the products from the manufacturing site of the company and then distribute it to various retailers and the end consumer can buy the products from those retailers. A solution approach: It has been analysed from the study that the company is using great marketing approaches through advertising. A solution approach or the recommendation in terms of marketing for nestle is that it can make use of social media more. as more and more peel are now on social media so running the campaigns on social media sites will helps the company to cater the market with more efficiency and have larger reach (Sacks, et al, 2015). Sustainability: As the company is in manufacturing function thus most of the part is the supply chain of the company. Making strategies such as lean production and Just in Time approach will helps the company make optimum use of the resources and thus waste generation can also be reduced. This also helps the company to reduce its per unit cost and hence the customers can get the products in lower prices. This ultimately helps the company to be sustainable. As far as the current approaches are concerned, the company is using sustainable sourcing approach in which the company source it the raw material in sustainable manner. References: Appiah-Adu, K. and Amoako, G.K., 2016. The execution of marketing strategies in a developing economy: A case study of selected market leaders.African Journal of Economic and Management Studies,7(1), pp.9-29. Appiah-Adu, K., 2016. The execution of marketing strategies in a developing economy. Dadzie, K.Q., Amponsah, D.K., Dadzie, C.A. and Winston, E.M., 2017. How Firms Implement Marketing Strategies in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Assessment of The 4A Marketing Mix Framework.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,25(3), pp.234-256. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015. International Marketing. InStrategic International Management(pp. 477-501). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Moura, A., Branco, M. and Camoesas, M., 2015, June. NESTL, A GLOBAL FIRM AND ITS CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. InIMC 2015 International Management Conference 26th June 2015(p. 96). Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M. and Payne, A., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Sacks, G., Mialon, M., Vandevijvere, S., Trevena, H., Snowdon, W., Crino, M. and Swinburn, B., 2015. Comparison of food industry policies and commitments on marketing to children and product (re) formulation in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji.Critical Public Health,25(3), pp.299-319. Scrinis, G., 2016. Reformulation, fortification and functionalization: Big Food corporations nutritional engineering and marketing strategies.The Journal of Peasant Studies,43(1), pp.17-37.